Genesis of the Shibaogou Mo–Pb–Zn deposit in the Luanchuan ore district, China: Constraints from geochronology, fluid inclusion, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes

The Shibaogou deposit is located in the Luanchuan ore district within East Qinling orogenic belt (EQOB), central China, which a newly discovered Mo–Pb–Zn skarn deposit. and bodies are mostly hosted contact zones between porphyritic granite carbonaceous sedimentary rocks from Guandaokou sets. A study combined of geochronology, fluid inclusion (FI), stable isotopes was performed to constrain mineralization age, source materials, origin evolution ore-forming fluids their relationship with subduction Paleo-Pacific Plate. process includes quartz–sulfide episodes, has four stages: (I), quartz–molybdenite (II), quartz–galena–sphalerite (III), quartz–calcite (IV). Molybdenite Re-Os dating suggests that formed Late Jurassic (147.4 ± 7.2 Ma). Reportedly, there five primary types inclusions: L-type, V-type, H-type, S-type, C-type. In stage, coexisting H-type (35.58 wt%–46.05 wt% NaCl equiv.) low-salinity V-type (0.35 wt%–5.7 inclusions show similar homogenization temperatures, boiling occurred at 513–550°C 580–650 bar (2.19–2.45 km). temperatures minor S-type indicate continued 324–387°C 180–250 (0.49–0.94 fewer number L-type quartz shows different salinities indicating they trapped 303–347°C <150 (<0.56 km hydrostatic depth). have lower 0.88 wt%–11.34 equiv were observed calcite stage; addition, 103–247°C (typical post-ore conditions). This found dominantly magmatic water early input atmospheric during evolution, δ 18 O values −1.168‰ 8.997‰ D −106.5‰ −79.9‰, based on H isotope data garnet, quartz, calcite. Furthermore, S isotopic compositions measured ranging 0.8‰ 14.7‰, it demonstrated mainly derived sources. relatively homogeneous Pb those porphyry, materials precipitated as result fluid–rock interactions boiling, galena sphalerite decreasing temperature. plate critical impact complex formation EQOB.